Microdiscectomy is a surgical procedure for the relief of pain and other symptoms that occur when a herniated disc in the spine presses on an adjacent nerve root. During the operation, the surgeon frees the nerve by removing small fragments of disc, bone and ligament. Microdiscectomy is sometimes described as a minimally invasive spine surgery, because it requires only a small incision and the use of a microscope or surgical glasses, called loupes, to magnify the site where the injury has occurred. The surgeon also uses smaller tools and instruments to work in the restricted space of the spine. Microdiscectomy is a type of spinal decompression surgery, and the term microdecompression – which describes the surgical removal of any bone or ligament that is compressing a nerve – may also be used to describe the procedure. However, the term "microdiscectomy" is more specific to the removal of the fragment of herniated disc tissue that is causing the patient’s symptoms.
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