A healthy spinal disk has a nucleus, which is soft and jelly-like, surrounded by an annulus, which is rubbery. A disc herniation occurs when a portion of the nucleus pushes through a tear in the annulus. It is also known as a herniated disc or slipping disc. Disc degeneration, an aging-related wear and tear, frequently causes this disorder. These disks lose flexibility as we become older, making even slight strains more likely to cause them to rupture or tear. The lumbar spine is where herniated discs most frequently occur, however they can happen anywhere along the spine. The cervical spine is where they most frequently occur in the neck. Herniated discs can irritate adjacent nerves and cause pain and weakness in an arm or leg if they are not addressed. Medical history, a thorough physical examination, and a neurological evaluation are often necessary for herniated disc diagnosis. Additional imaging tests, including as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, may be necessary in some circumstances. The most accurate evaluation of the lumbar spine region, showing the location of a herniation, often comes from an MRI scan. Electromyograms and investigations of nerve conduction may be considered as further testing.
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