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Meniscal repair

A meniscal repair is a surgical procedure to repair a torn meniscus via keyhole surgery. It is a minimally invasive procedure often undergone as an outpatient. Factors affecting success include tear age, location, and pattern, age of the patient, as well as any associated injuries. The major meniscal functions are to distribute stress across the knee during weight-bearing, provide shock absorption, serve as secondary joint stabilizers (in an anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee, menisci will serve as joint stabilizers, provide articular cartilage nutrition and lubrication, facilitate joint gliding, prevent hyperextension, and protect the joint margins. During knee flexion, the femoral condyles glide posteriorly on the tibial plateau in conjunction with tibial internal rotation. The lateral meniscus undergoes twice the anteroposterior translation of the medial meniscus during knee flexion. This translation prevents the femur from contacting the posterior margin of the tibial plateau. The meniscus is divided into three zones: the red-red, the red-white-and the white-white. The zones are divided by vascularization and thus healing potential.The red-red zone is the peripheral zone of the meniscus. It is very good vascularized and has a good healing rate. Patients differ in vascularization of the medial and lateral meniscus, varying between 20-30 and 10-25 % width. The red-white zone is the middle third with less vascularization but can though heel sometimes. The white-white zone has no blood capillaries at all and therefore cannot heal.

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